T cells are a main component of the adaptive immune system. The video shows intracellular events that allow T cells to learn and recognize cells infected with virus.
Infected cells can use the main histocompatibility complex (MHC) I or MHC II to point to T cells that are infected. They bust depend on the degradation of viral protein in peptides that can be displayed on the cell surface to allow viral recognition. Lysosomes or intracellular compartments that are similar to lysosomes and contain protein re -delegation enzymes play a critical role in the MHC II route. A cell machine called proteasome that breaks down the proteins in the cytosol plays a critical role in the MHC I. through the thesis, two ways, T cells can recognize infected cells through complex receptors that are specifically joined to individual fragments of viral proteins. Therefore, most viruses cannot mutate so much that all the fragments that could recognize T cells will be eliminated. Therefore, a small immune training is very useful. The video shows how these two cellular processes work to allow two types of T cells to recognize infected cells using the virus that COVID-19 causes as an example.
In humans, MHC proteins are called human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The genes that encode thesis proteins are highly polymorphic, which means that they are variable throughout the population. Combined with highly variable T cell receptors, the two MHC pathways allow an individual’s immune system to say the difference between saying their own cells and some more and between their healthy cells and those with bone leg. The differences in the genes that encode HLA are associated with whether an individual develops symptomatic or asymptomatic.
Similar to the recognition of the virus after cell infection, vaccines take advantage of the same ways to show the antigens contained in Orcoded by the vaccine. For vaccines, antigens visualization occurs mainly through cells that have an immune system antigen instead of virally infected cells. Vaccines that will have the broader efficacy among populations will include epitakes that are recognized by most people, regardless of the variation in their genes encoding HLA.
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References
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Also or interest
How do you advise and assistants recognize viruses
More about Covid-19 by Nancy R. Gough
CITE AS: NR GOUGH, two ways towards viral recognition. Biossendipia (December 29, 2022) https://www.biosendipity.com/two-pathways-viral-recognition/
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